Kidney function and toxicity biomarkers

Kidney function and toxicity biomarkers are essential in evaluating new therapeutics. Nephrotoxicity and acute kidney injury are chief concerns in both the preclinical and clinical setting that results in the failure of candidate compounds throughout the drug-development cycle. RBM offers numerous assays to help evaluate the effect of therapeutic candidates on renal functions.

Alpha-1-Microglobulin and Alpha-2-Macroglobulin are acute-phase proteins that can indicate kidney dysfunction. Angiopoietin-related protein 3 plays a role in blood vessel stability and kidney function. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) and Angiotensinogen are part of the renin-angiotensin system, affecting blood pressure and kidney health. Beta-2-Microglobulin is a marker of renal tubular function. Calbindin and Clusterin are involved in cellular protection and repair. Complement C3 and Complement Factor H-Related Protein 1 are part of the immune response and can indicate kidney inflammation. Connective Tissue Growth Factor is associated with fibrosis and kidney injury. Creatine Kinase-MB and Creatinine are traditional markers of kidney function. Cystatin-C is a sensitive marker for detecting early renal impairment. Epidermal Growth Factor and its receptor (EGFR) are involved in cell growth and repair. Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production and is affected by kidney function. Glutathione S-Transferases (alpha and Mu 1) are detoxification enzymes. Interferon gamma Induced Protein 10, Interleukin-18, and Interleukin-6 are inflammatory markers.

Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) is a sensitive marker of acute kidney injury. Microalbumin detects early signs of kidney damage. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 and Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) are markers of inflammation and injury. Osteopontin and Tamm-Horsfall Urinary Glycoprotein are involved in kidney stone formation and immune response. Trefoil Factor 3 promotes mucosal healing. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is involved in blood vessel formation and renal function. Monitoring these biomarkers helps in early detection, diagnosis, and management of kidney diseases and toxicity.

Multiplexes with kidney function and toxicity biomarkers

• Discovery MAP
• Human MAP
• Inflammation MAP