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Inflammation and immune response biomarkers

Chronic inflammatory processes are associated with a range of human diseases including cardiovascular, pulmonary, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune disorders. Understanding of inflammatory biomarkers and their role in disease onset and progression can help evaluate new therapeutic candidates for safety and efficacy.

 

Biomarkers such as 6Ckine, Adiponectin, and Agouti-Related Protein help regulate metabolic processes, reflecting inflammation and immune activation. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin, and Alpha-1-Antitrypsin are markers of systemic immune activation. Amphiregulin, Angiopoietin-1, and Annexin A1 are key in tissue repair and immune modulation. C-Reactive Protein (CRP), is a well-established marker of inflammation that is used with other markers such as E-Selectin, EN-RAGE, and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 to evaluate vascular inflammation and endothelial activation.

 

Cytokines such as Interleukins (e.g., IL-1, IL-6, IL-10), Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-α), and Interferon gamma are critical immune-signaling pathways. Macrophage-related markers like CD163, Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF), and Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor offer insight into macrophage activation and function. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and von Willebrand Factor provide information on angiogenesis and coagulation.

 

Multiplexes with inflammatory and immune-response biomarkers

The biomarkers below have demonstrated links to inflammation and immune response in the scientific literature. 

Click biomarkers for more information
1. 6Ckine 2. Adiponectin 3. Agouti-Related Protein 4. Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 5. Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin 6. Alpha-1-Antitrypsin 7. Alpha-2-Macroglobulin 8. Amphiregulin 9. Angiopoietin-1 10. Annexin A1 11. Antileukoproteinase 12. Apolipoprotein E 13. B cell-activating factor 14. B Lymphocyte Chemoattractant 15. Beta Amyloid 1-40 16. Beta Amyloid 1-42 17. Beta-2-Microglobulin 18. C-Reactive Protein 19. Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 20. CD 40 antigen 21. CD163 22. CD40 Ligand 23. CD5 Antigen-like 24. Chemerin 25. Complement C1q Antibody 26. Complement C3 27. Complement component C1q receptor 28. Cortisol 29. E-Selectin 30. EN-RAGE 31. Endothelin-1 32. Eotaxin-1 33. Eotaxin-2 34. Eotaxin-3 35. Epidermal Growth Factor 36. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 37. Epithelial-Derived Neutrophil-Activating Protein 78 38. Factor VII 39. Ferritin 40. Fibrinogen 41. Ficolin-3 42. Galectin-3 43. Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor 44. Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 45. Growth-Regulated alpha protein 46. Growth/differentiation factor 15 47. Haptoglobin 48. Heat Shock Protein 60 49. Hemopexin 50. Immunoglobulin A 51. Immunoglobulin E 52. Immunoglobulin M 53. Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 54. Interferon alpha 55. Interferon gamma 56. Interferon gamma Induced Protein 10 57. Interferon gamma Induced Protein 10, long 58. Interferon gamma Induced Protein 10, short 59. Interferon-inducible T-cell alpha chemoattractant 60. Interleukin-1 alpha 61. Interleukin-1 beta 62. Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist 63. Interleukin-10 64. Interleukin-11 65. Interleukin-12 Subunit p40 66. Interleukin-12 Subunit p70 67. Interleukin-13 68. Interleukin-15 69. Interleukin-16 70. Interleukin-17 71. Interleukin-18 72. Interleukin-18-binding protein 73. Interleukin-2 74. Interleukin-2 receptor alpha 75. Interleukin-22 76. Interleukin-23 77. Interleukin-25 78. Interleukin-3 79. Interleukin-31 80. Interleukin-4 81. Interleukin-5 82. Interleukin-6 83. Interleukin-6 receptor 84. Interleukin-6 receptor subunit beta 85. Interleukin-7 86. Interleukin-8 87. Lactoferrin 88. Lectin-Like Oxidized LDL Receptor 1 89. Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor 1 90. Macrophage inflammatory protein 3 beta 91. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 alpha 92. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1 beta 93. Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-3 alpha 94. Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor 95. Macrophage-Derived Chemokine 96. Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 97. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 98. Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 99. Matrix Metalloproteinase-3 100. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 101. MHC class I chain-related protein A 102. Midkine 103. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 1 104. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 2 105. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 3 106. Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 4 107. Monokine Induced by Gamma Interferon 108. Myeloperoxidase 109. Nerve Growth Factor beta 110. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin 111. Oncostatin-M 112. Osteopontin 113. P-Selectin 114. P-Selectin 115. Pentraxin-3 116. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule 117. Progesterone 118. Progranulin 119. Progranulin 120. Pulmonary and Activation-Regulated Chemokine 121. Receptor for advanced glycosylation end products 122. Resistin 123. Serotransferrin 124. Serum Amyloid A Protein 125. Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase 126. ST2 127. Stem Cell Factor 128. T Lymphocyte-Secreted Protein I-309 129. T-Cell-Specific Protein RANTES 130. Tenascin-X 131. Thrombin-Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor 132. Thymus and activation-regulated chemokine 133. Thymus-Expressed Chemokine 134. Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases 1 135. Transforming Growth Factor alpha 136. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha 137. Tumor Necrosis Factor beta 138. Vitamin D-Binding Protein 139. von Willebrand Factor 140. YKL-40 141. Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2 142. Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I 143. Tyrosine kinase with Ig and EGF homology domains 1 144. Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 145. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor