Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) is an inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), a key enzyme in fibrinolysis and is synthesized by endothelial cells, platelets, and hepatocytes. Three forms of PAI-1 have been identified. The first form is the active form, while the other two forms are inactive and latent. The main function of PAI-1 in hemostasis is to inhibit t-PA. As PAI-1 levels increase, active levels of t-PA decrease, causing impaired fibrinolytic function. Elevated levels of PAI-1 have been observed in deep vein thrombosis and myocardial infarction as well as in normal pregnancy and sepsis.
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