Interleukin-33 Olink

"IL-33 belongs to the IL-1 family of cytokines and involved in various inflammatory pathways. Unlike most of the members of the IL-1 family, IL-33 is primarily produced by epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts in response to environmental stimulants. There are two forms of IL-33, the full-length IL-33 (proIL-33) and the mature IL-33. Under normal physiological conditions, proIL-33 is expressed at high levels, travels to the nucleus, and functions as a transcription factor. When tissue is damaged, the proIL-33 can be released into the extracellular space, where it can be cleaved by neutrophil released enzymes, such as elastase, cathepsin G, and proteinase 3, to form the mature IL-33. The mature IL-33 can stimulate various innate and adaptive immune cells, including type 2 innate lymphoid cells, T cell helper type 2 cells, natural killer T cells, neutrophils and macrophages. Increased levels of IL-33 have been observed in serum and synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients and has been correlated with bone erosion. The expression of IL-33 has also been observed in atopic dermatitis lesions and has been suggested to play a critical role in development of chronic lesions. In addition, patients with moderate to severe psoriasis have elevated levels of IL-33. Since epithelial cells are a predominant producer of IL-33, it has also been suggested that it may play a role in airway diseases, such allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, and even severe COVID19 cases."

Swiss-Prot Accession Number: O95760