Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a prototypical T cell growth factor, predominantly produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and it can also be produced by dendritic cells, natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, and mast cells in limited amounts. Apart from T cells, IL-2 also increase the growth and activity of B cells and influenced adaptive immunity and immune tolerance. Thus, IL-2 plays a central role in controlling immune response through both immune stimulation as well as suppression during health and disease. The IL-2 receptor is expressed by lymphocytes, and activation of this signaling leads to differentiation of naive CD4+ T cells into effector and memory T cell subsets and inhibits differentiation of na?ve T cells into Th17 and follicular Th lymphocytes.
Deficiencies in IL-2 or its receptor has also been correlated with certain type of cancers. IL-2 therapy is clinically approved for the treatment of metastatic melanoma and renal-cell carcinoma and can induce complete and durable regressions in these cancer patients. Combination of IL-2 with monoclonal antibodies is also being utilized as a new approach in cancer immunotherapy.
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