Interleukin-19 Simoa

Interleukin-19 (IL-19) is classified by homology as a member of the IL-10 family. However, IL-19 is also a member of the IL-20 subfamily because it binds to the IL-20 receptor ?-chain (IL-20 receptor type I). IL-19 is produced mainly by monocytes/macrophages, some B cells, epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and skin keratinocytes. Production of IL-19 can be induced by several stimulants, including bacterial pathogens, LPS, and cytokines (i.e. GM-CSF, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, and TNFa). IL-19 can promote the T cell helper type 2 (TH2) response, including increasing TH2 T cells, promoting production of IL-4, and polarizing macrophages towards the M2 phenotype. As such, IL-19 can be considered to have anti-inflammatory effects in diseases that are mediated/potentiated by TH1 responses. IL-19 plays a role in multiple diseases and disorders, including, breast cancer, vascular diseases, asthma, psoriasis, and other autoimmune diseases. In breast cancer, IL-19 in the tumor microenvironment has been correlated to tumor stage, higher metastasis, and poor survival, most likely through IL-19 mechanism of enhancing TH2 cytokines, which promotes tumor associated macrophages that are disadvantageous to anti-tumor immunity. However, circulating IL-19 levels have not been demonstrated to correlate similarly in breast cancer. On vascular smooth muscle cells, IL-19 is protective against inflammation and promotes cell mediated immune suppression. In atopic dermatitis, where disease is dominated by TH2 lymphocytes and their cytokines to promote production of IgE, IL-19 is highly expressed in skin lesions. A recent publication demonstrated that a decrease in serum IL-19 may be indicative of a response to clinical therapy in psoriasis.

Swiss-Prot Accession Number: Q9UHD0