Interferon gamma Simoa

Interferon gamma (IFN-?) is the sole member of the type II interferon family and is critical for both innate and adaptive immunity. IFN-? has a distinct structure and function as well as a more restricted expression pattern compared to its type I family members. The mature form of IFN-? is a glycosylated, noncovalent homodimer produced and secreted by activated lymphocytes. IFN-? binds to the IFN-?R1 receptor subunit which engages the IFN-?R2 receptor subunit to activate JAK1 and JAK2. The pleotropic effects of IFN-? are mediated through the expression of hundreds of IFN-?-regulated genes including inflammatory signaling molecules, apoptotic regulators, and other transcription factors. The role of IFN-? in the activation of the immune response has led to its use in various clinical applications including fungal diseases as well as certain types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Recombinant IFN-? has been approved by the FDA to reduce the severity of infections associated with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) and for treatment of severe, malignant osteopetrosis. Additionally, IFN-? is crucial for tumor surveillance by the immune system and also has direct anti-tumor effects in some types of cancers. Elevated levels of IFN-? play an essential role in the development and severity of some autoimmune diseases which has led to the generation and testing of monoclonal antibodies to neutralize the effects of IFN-? in diseases such as Crohn?s diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus.

Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P01579