Interferon gamma MSD

"Interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is the sole member of the type II interferon family and is critical for both innate and adaptive immunity. IFN-gamma has a distinct structure and function as well as a more restricted expression pattern compared to its type I family members. The mature form of IFN-gamma is a glycosylated, noncovalent homodimer produced and secreted by activated lymphocytes. IFN-gamma binds to the IFN-gamma R1 receptor subunit which engages the IFN-gamma R2 receptor subunit to activate JAK1 and JAK2. The pleiotropic effects of IFN-gamma are mediated through the expression of hundreds of IFN-gamma-regulated genes including inflammatory signaling molecules, apoptotic regulators, and other transcription factors. The role of IFN-gamma in the activation of the immune response has led to its use in various clinical applications including fungal diseases as well as certain types of cancers and autoimmune diseases. Recombinant IFN-gamma has been approved by the FDA to reduce the severity of infections associated with Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) and for the treatment of severe, malignant osteopetrosis. Additionally, IFN-gamma is crucial for tumor surveillance by the immune system and also has direct anti-tumor effects in some types of cancers. Elevated levels of IFN-gamma play an essential role in the development and severity of some autoimmune diseases which has led to the generation and testing of monoclonal antibodies to neutralize the effects of IFN-gamma in diseases such as Crohn?s diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus."

Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P01579