Gastric inhibitory polypeptide Simoa

Gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) is a 42-amino acid peptide hormone and is one of two primary incretin hormones belonging to the secretin-glucagon family of hormones. GIP is secreted by K cells in the presence of glucose and fat within the small intestine. GIP assists in lowering postprandial blood sugar levels, inhibits gastric acid secretion, and promotes fat storage by binding to its specific GIP receptors (GIPR) on pancreatic ? cells and stimulating them to release insulin glucose-dependently. GIP secretion is impaired in type 2 diabetes and leads to high blood sugar levels. The differing insulinotropic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes exhibits the potential for GIP to be effective in treatment of type 2 diabetes. GIP also plays a critical role in various noninsulinotropic biological processes in tissues where GIPR is expressed, such as the central nervous system, the pancreas, bone, and adipose tissue. GIP may be involved in the control of appetite and memory formation in the brain. Within the pancreas, GIP adds pancreatic ? cell mass promoting ? cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. GIP promotes osteogenesis by increasing osteoblast survival and reducing bone resorption. In addition, fat deposition is facilitated by GIP in adipose tissue, which may contribute to weight gain.

Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P09681