Interleukin-10
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a type II cytokine with anti-inflammatory properties, IL-10 is secreted by macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells, and modulates their functions to minimize tissue damage during acute phases of immune responses. IL-10 is a homodimer that signals through a functional receptor complex composed of two IL-10 receptor-1 proteins and two IL-10 receptor-2 proteins via STAT3, JAK1, and Tyk2. IL-10 inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1?, IL-12, IFN-?, and TNFa from TLR-activated myeloid cells after exposure to bacterial products. IL-10 promotes B cell survival, proliferation and upregulates antibody production. It decreases Th1 cytokines, MHC class II, and co-stimulatory molecules expression on macrophages. The pleiotropic role of IL-10 in immunoregulation and inflammation has been implicated in many pathogenic states including autoimmune diseases and cancer. Risk of prostate cancer has been associated with SNPs in IL-10. SNPs in the promoter region have been associated with risk of lung cancer among Asians and Caucasians. IL-10 levels are significantly increased in serum from patients with tuberculosis, and during viral infections, IL-10 triggers and modulates antiviral T cell responses. Although recombinant human IL-10 has been tested for Crohn?s disease, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, hepatitis C, and HIV, the transition from testing to clinical application has been hindered by dosing and administration difficulties. In patients with advanced renal cell cancer, pegylated IL-10 has been shown to have antitumor activity.
Swiss-Prot Accession Number: P22301
